Task 3 (Structure) Adverb Clause

2. Adverb Clause

Adverbial clause is a clause (the clause) that serves as an Adverb, which describes a verb.
Adverbial clause is usually classified based on the "meaning / intent" of the conjunction (conjunctions which preceded it).

Examples:

In the following sentences the adverb-clauses have been colored blue.

• He is such a good man that all respect him.

• A fire raged so strong that London was burnt down.

• The Romans built in such a way that the walls are still standing.

• He spoke in such a low voice that few could hear him.

• So terrible a disease broke out that only few people survived.

• Heavy rain fell that the rivers were soon in flood.

• I was so weak that I could not speak.

• It is so small that no one could see that.

• Though he scolded me, yet I love him.

• Even if it rains, I shall come.

The types of adverbial clause include:

1. Clause of Time 

Clause which shows the time. Usually made ​​by using conjunction (conjunctions) like after, before, no Sooner, while, ace, etc..

Example:

• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
• No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause that indicates the place. Usually made ​​using such conjunction Nowhere, nowhere, anywhere, Wherever, etc.

Example:

• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
• Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause that indicates the existence of a conflict between two events or events which are interconnected. Usually made ​​by using conjunction (conjunctions) like although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, etc.

Example:

• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner

Clause that show cars how a work is done or event occurs. Usually made ​​by using conjunction (conjunctive) such as, how, like, in that, etc.

Example:

• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause which shows the relationship intentions / objectives and outcomes. Usually created by using conjunctions such as (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, Lest, in case, etc.

Example:

• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
• He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
• I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause indicating cause and effect relationships. There are some patterns forming this type of clause. Take a good look.

Example:

• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
• The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
• The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

Example:

• The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
• I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.

Example:

• He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
• The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Example:

• It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
• It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.

Example:

• She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
• They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
• Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
• This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

In addition, to reveal the cause and effect relationships (cause and effect) can be used another pattern, namely:

1. Using preposition (preposition) like because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll

Example:

• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

2. Using conjunctions (conjunction) as because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as

Example:

• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
• As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
• Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

3. Using transition words such as therefore, consequently.

Example:

• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

Note:

Some Adverb clause modifying Phrases can be turned into a way:

1) Eliminate the subject of dependent Clause and verb (be).

      Example:

a.       ADVERB CLAUSE           : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

b.       MODIFYING PHRASE    : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

2) If the Adverb clause does not exist yet, eliminate the subject and change the verb in a clause Adverb-ing it into shape.

      Example:

a.       ADVERB CLAUSE           : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.

b.       MODIFYING PHRASE    : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Can be converted into an adverb clause modifying the subject of Phrase if the adverb clause and main clause of the same subject.

      Example:

1. DAPAT DIRUBAH

• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
• Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH

• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

7. Clause of Condition

Clause that indicates the existence of requirements between the two events (events) are related. Usually made ​​by using conjunctions such as if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.

            Example:

• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
• Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
• In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
• The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
• We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.