Task 2 (Structure) Adverbs

      Adverbs

      Adverbs (Kata Keterangan or Kata Tambahan) is a word that describes how, at which place, when it's time, how many times and so on, a job done or an event occurs.

·         Adverbs are divided into 3 categories, namely:

a.   Simple Adverbs

      These groups are subdivided into:

1.   Adverbs of Time (Keterangan Waktu)

      Adverbs of time that is often used is: now, then, ago, since, before, already, soon, immediately, instantly, presently, late, lately, early, afterwards, today, yesterday, tomorrow, etc.

Examples:

1.   Let’s start tomorrow

2.   I will go there now

3.   He came very late

4.   He left a few minutes ago

5.   I have seen him before

2.   Adverbs of Place (Keterangan Tempat)

      Adverbs are often used is: here, there, hence, thence, above, below, beside, in, on, inside, outside, far, near, etc.

Examples:

1.   We live here

2.   I want to go there

3.   I looked for him everywhere

4.   They all went away

5.   He came forward

3.   Adverbs of Number (Kata Keterangan Bilangan)

      Adverbs are often used is: once, twice, thrice, again, firstly, never, often, sometimes, etc.

Examples:

1.   My brother seldom goes to school

2.   He never tells lies

3.   He always speaks the truth

4.   I visited Bali only once

5.   We take food thrice a day

4.   Adverbs of Manner, Quality, State (Kata Keterangan Cara, Kualitas, Keadaan)

      Adverbs are often used is: well, seriously, probably, thus, so, etc.

Examples:

1.   He speaks slowly

2.   They helped us cheerfully

3.   James Bond drives his cars fast

4.   I can finish the work quickly

5.   I did test very seriously

5.   Adverbs of Quantity, Extent, Degree (Kata Keterangan Kuantitas, Taraf, Tingkat)

      Adverbs are often used is: too, enough, very, somewhat, rather, completely, etc.

Examples:

1.   She entirely agrees with him

2.   Mary is very beautiful

3.   You are quite right

4.   You are young enough to be an actress

5.   My answer completely perfect

b.   Interrogative Adverbs

      These groups are subdivided into:

1.   Adverbs of Time

      They can answer the question "when?" or they can answer the question "how often?"

Examples:

1.   When did he come?

2.   How long will you stay at the hotel?

3.   When do I want it?

4.   How often do they deliver the newspaper?

5.   How often do we watch a movie?

2.   Adverbs of Place

      They answer the question "where?"

Examples:

1.   Where do you live?

2.   Where did you come?

3.   Where should I sit?

4.   Where did they look?

5.   Where were two cars parked?

3.   Adverbs of Number

      They answer the question “how many?, how often?, how much?”

Examples:

1.   How often do you come to her house?

2.   How many students are there in the class?

3.   How often does the committee meet?

4.   How much people are working?

5.   How often students are sick?

4.   Adverbs of Manner, Quality, State

      They answer the question “how”?

Examples:

1.   How did you do the homework?

2.   How are you today?

3.   How did you do it?

4.   How was the experience?

5.   How are you doing?

5.   Adverbs of Quantity, Extent, Degree

      They answer the question “how much?, how far?, how high?, etc”

Examples:

1.   How far was the news true?

2.   How much did you pay?

3.   How far can you go?

4.   How much more do you want?

5.   How high you jump?

6.   Adverbs of Reason, Cause and Effect

      They answer the question “why?”

Examples:

1.  Why did he leave?

2.  Why are you crying?

3.  Why did you quit?

4.  Why do you hate her?

5.  Why do you want to go there?

c.   Relative Verbs

      These groups are subdivided into:

1.   Antecedent Expressed (Kata yang Mendahului (Dinyatakan))

Examples:

1.  This is the hotel where she stays at

2.  Let me know the time when you will leave for London

3.  This is the place where my uncle lives

4.  Tell me the time when you would come

5.  This is the place where I was born

2.   Antecedent (Dimengerti)

Example:

1.  That's the restaurant where we met for the first time

2.  I remember the day when we first met

3.  There was a very hot summer the year when he was born

4.  Tell me (the reason) why you were late home

5.  This is where she stays at

Task 2 (Structure) Verbs

      Verbs

      Verbs (Kata Kerja) is a word that shows the name of the deeds done by the subject, but perhaps also to indicate the state. Verbs usually the predicate of a sentence.

·         Kinds of Verbs :

a.   Finite Verbs (Kata Kerja Biasa)

      A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand on their own as complete sentences.

      The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or number. Non-finite verb forms have no person or number, but some types can show tense.

Examples:

1.   I go to the store

2.   I read a book

3.   She walks home

4.   The watch the game

5.   You play football

b.   Auxiliary Verbs (Kata Kerja Bantu)

      Namely verbs used in conjunction with other verbs to express action or state, or serve to complement their grammatical functions.

            Examples:

1.   She is the school teacher

2.   The cars are in the garage

3.   They do their homework before watching television

4.   He still has the papers

5.   They have many different shoes on display

c.  Linking Verbs (Kata Kerja Penghubung)

      A linking verb is a verb that connects the subject to the complement. They are sometimes called copula or copular verbs. The word is connected with the subject is called the subject complement. If the word is our Employment Liaison be replaced by (am, is, are, was, etc..), Then the meaning is not changed.

             Examples:

1.   I am extremely tired this evening

2.   My hair looks a mess today

3.   My neighbours sound very angry

4.   We are hungry

5.   Laura is excited about her new bike

d. Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang Membutuhkan Objek)

     Namely verbs that require objects to enhance the meaning of a sentence or complete the meaning of the sentence.

     Transitive verbs are: Drink, watch, read, fill, open, close, etc.

Examples:

1.   He watches the film

2.   She drinks coffee

3.   I studied English

4.   We eat Mie Ayam

5.   You opened the door

e.  Intransitive Verbs (Kata Kerja yang Tidak Membutuhkan Objek)

     Namely is a verb that requires no object, because it can be understood perfectly the meaning of the sentence.

            Examples:

1.   The baby cries

2.   My mother is sleeping

3.   He jumps

4.   She runs

5.   They arrived

f.  Regular & Irregular Verbs

     Regular Verb is a verb that can vary according to the shape of tense, and verb forms change regularly.

            Examples:

1.   I talked to Susi

2.   They walked around the park

3.   Jane watched a film

4.   They helped their Father

5.   Susan danced with Peter

Irregular Verb is a verb that has a function similar to regular verbs, but the change in the form of this verb is irregular.

      Examples:

1.   The river bends beyond that tree

2.   I have been saving some money to buy a new car

3.   Tom usually comes to school by bus

4.   Laura is a vegetarian so she doesn’t eat meat

5.   We went to the movies last night

Task 2 (Structure) Nouns

      Nouns

The definition of a noun (Kata Kerja) is a word that is used to define a person, animal or living object, place, thing or quality. Noun functions as a noun in the sentence as the sentence subject or object of a sentence.

·         Noun type is divided into two forms:

a.       Concrete Nouns (Kata Benda Berwujud)

That is the name people, places, or objects, and so forth that can be captured by the five senses, namely the concrete objects.

Examples:

1.      Jakarta is a big city

2.      Father goes to the office by motorcycle

3.      She buys flowers

4.      Andre played the guitar

5.      The man worked

Concrete nouns are divided into 5 groups, namely:

1.      Common Nouns

That is a noun that indicates the type, class of objects, places and so on.

      Examples:

1.      Andy drove his car very fast

2.      Ali very like sport

3.      I saw boy in the park

4.      The teacher is my brother

5.      Mother shopping at the market

2.      Proper Nouns

That is the name people, places and so specific to him alone. Proper nouns always begin with capital letters.

      Examples:

1.      I am studying in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

2.      They will watch Transformers 3

3.      Indonesia is beautiful country

4.      She dinners at McDonald

5.      Selly buy books in Gramedia

3.      Collective Nouns

Noun that shows on a group or collection of people, animals, and objects.

      Examples:

1.      My family was happy to see me

2.      The flock of birds is circling overhead

3.      The committee has met regularly

4.      The herd of cattle is breaking away

5.      Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test

4.      Material Nouns

That is a name that indicates the names of objects that happen by itself and not man made.

      Examples:

1.      Water form the mountains is very clear

2.      Plenty of fish in this river

3.      In Papua there is gold mine

4.      Tea plants are found in areas Tawangmangu 

5.      Mist cover along the road this morning

5.   Compound Nouns

      Namely which is a combination of two or more words.

            Examples:

1.   Andi clean up the blackboard

2.   I like to see the sunrise

3.   We always eat breakfast at 8am

4.   In the tropics you can see fire-flies at night

5.   My mother-in-law lives with us

b.   Abstract Nouns (Kata Benda Tidak Berwujud)

      That is a noun that can not be touched with the five senses.

            Examples:

1.   I love my family

2.   It was a beautiful sight

3.   I know the importance of learning English

4.   She needs to have more confidence

5.   He has a lot of pride