Task 5 (Structure) Present Continuous Tense

The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. The Present Continuous also describes activities generally in progress (not at the moment). Another use of the tense is to talk about temporary actions or future plans. 

a.    Use 1: Present Actions

Most often, we use the Present Continuous tense to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking.

example :

1. He is eating a dinner.
2. Mary is talking with her friends.    
3. They are swimming in the pool.
4. The kids are watching TV.    
5. I am sitting down, because I am tired.
6. I am not learning German, because this is an English class.
7. Who are you writing to?
8. The telephone is ringing!
9. They are doing their homework.
10. I'm waiting for my girlfriend in front of the cinema.

b.   Use 2: Temporary Actions

We can also use the Present Continuous Tense to talk about activities happening around now, and not necessarily this very moment.

example :

1. Sally is studying really hard for her exams this week.
2. I am reading a really interesting book now.
3. How are you brushing up on your English for the trip?
4. We aren't working hard these days.
5. I'm reading an interesting book.
6. Tom is looking for a new job.
7. We are studying English and Spanish.
8. I'm riding a bike to get to work because my car is broken.
9. They are not talking with each other after the last argument.
10. Mary is working at McDonald's. 

c.   Use 3: Longer Actions in Progress

We also use the Present Continuous when we are in the middle of doing something time-consuming (i.e. something that takes time to complete). An example of such an activity is writing a book, saving money or studying for an exam.

example :

     

1.  They are working hard to earn money.
2.  I am training to become a professional footballer.
3.  Mike is studying hard to become a doctor.
4.  Elizabeth is currently writing a children's book titled I am the World.
5.  I am studying to become a english teacher.
6.  I am not studying to become a dentist.
7.  I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
8.  I am not reading any books right now.
9.  Are you working on any special projects at work?
10.  Aren't you teaching at the university now?.

d.  Use 4: Future (Personal) Arrangements and Plans

Sometimes we use the Present Continuous to show that something is planned and will be done in the near future.

example :

1.  I am seeing my dentist on Wednesday.
2.  Polly is coming for dinner tomorrow.
3.  Are you doing anything tonight?
4.  We aren't going on holiday next week.
5.  I'm meeting Katie in the evening.
6.  He's flying to Rome in September.
7.  We're not going anywhere tomorrow.
8.  I am meeting some friends after work.
9.  I am not going to the party tonight.
10.  Is he visiting his parents next weekend?

e.  Use 5: Tendencies and Trends

His tense is also used for expressing tendencies or trends.

example :

1. Our country is getting richer.
2. The Internet is becoming less of a novelty.
3. The Universe is expanding .

f.  Use 6: Irritation or Anger

And the last use of this tense is to express irritation or anger over somebody or something in the present with adverbs such as: always or continually.

example :

1. She is continually complaining about everything!
2. Johny is always asking stupid questions!
3. My boss is constantly critising me!
4. She is always coming to class late.
5. He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
6. I don't like them because they are always complaining.
7. The spoiled girl is continually complaining about everything!
8. He is always asking unnecessary questions!
9. The boss is constantly critising his secretary.
10. I wish he would shut up!

Task 4 (Structure) Modal

Must

·         Example:

1.       I must write message to her. (+)

 I must not write message to her. (-)

 Must I write message to her? (?)

2.       He must stop smoking. (+)

 He must not stop smoking. (-)

 Must he stop smoking? (?)

3.       You must hurry up. (+)

 You must not hurry up. (-)

 Must you hurry up? (?)

4.       You must shout. (+)

 You must not shout. (-)

 Must you shout? (?)

5.       She must move any of these papers. (+)

 She must not move any of these papers. (-)

 Must she move any of these papers? (?)

6.       I must to take decisions. (+)

 I must not to take decisions. (-)

 Must I to take decisions? (?)

7.       They must clean the carpet. (+)

 They must not clean the carpet. (-)

 Must they clean the carpet? (?)

8.       I must to help them. (+)

 I must not to help them. (-)

 Must I to help them? (?)

9.       I must myself introspection. (+)

 I must not myself introspection. (-)

 Must I myself introspection? (?)

10.   He must success. (+)

 He must not success. (-)

 Must he success? (?)

·         Function:

a.       Necessity

1)      We must to win in this match.

2)      I must a passion to learn.

3)      We all must obey the orders on campus.

4)      He must change the attitude of a better.

5)      I must to throw trash in the trash.

6)      I must to make my parents happy.

7)      She must apologize to them.

8)      They must learn from mistakes.

9)      We must to do homework.

10)   I must more confidence.

b.      Prohibition

1)      You must not smoke in the hospital.

2)      You must not break the school rules.

3)      I must not violate traffic rules.

4)      We should not ridicule others.

5)      Must not park just anywhere.

6)      Must not steal.

7)      Must not be a naughty boy.

8)      He must not lie to everyone.

9)      He must not cheat during exams.

10)   I must not be noisy when it is explained lessons.

c.       Certainty

1)      I must go to grandma's house.

2)      He must to pick up his mother at the airport.

3)      She must usher his friend to the store.

4)      I must keep my brother today.

5)      We must help them now.

6)      They must to do now.

7)      I must practice futsal now.

8)      We must go today.

9)      He must help the mother work at home.

10)   He must break now, because he was tired.

Task 4 (Structure) Modal

May

·         Example:

1.      I may read book everyday. (+)

I may not read book everyday. (-)

May I read book everyday? (?)

2.      You may love me. (+)

You may not love me. (-)

May you love me? (?)

3.      He may go to bookstore. (+)

He may not go to bookstore. (-)

May he go to bookstore? (?)

4.      You may suit with this work. (+)

You may not suit with this work. (-)

May you suit with this work? (?)

5.      She may do it with perfect. (+)

She may not do it with perfect. (-)

May she do it with perfect? (?)

6.      They may forget about problem yesterday. (+)

They may not forget about problem yesterday. (-)

May they forget about problem yesterday? (?)

7.      He may sleep this afternoon. (+)

He may not sleep this afternoon. (-)

May he sleep this afternoon? (?)

8.      I may believe with you. (+)

I may not believe with you. (-)

May I believe with you? (?)

9.      He may win in this match. (+)

He may not win in this match. (-)

May he win in this match? (?)

10.  She may need help from we. (+)

She may not need help from we. (-)

May she need help from we? (?)

·         Function:

a.       Request

1)      May I borrow your pen?

2)      You may help me take my shoes?

3)      May I use your car?

4)      May you would help me, please!

5)      You may borrow book for me?

6)      May I eat besides you?

7)      I may read your book?

8)      May I entrust a letter he to you?

9)      May I entrust a message to she to you?

10)   You may want to take me to the bookstore?

b.      Permission

1)      I may stay here for a night.

2)      I may come home late today.

3)      May I will leave the class for tournament.

4)      She may borrow my book.

5)      I may come to tomorrow my friend's party.

6)      He may go outside.

7)      May he join us to the party?

8)      I may first come home for discussion today.

9)      I may not come to campus today.

10)   I may sleep at home grandmother for a day.

c.       Possibility

1)      He may be late.

2)      They may lose the way.

3)      We may find it in the forest.

4)      She might miss the first train.

5)      I may success in the test.

6)      He may win in the final badminton.

7)      May rain down to night.

8)      May she is sick.

9)      May he is always happy.

10)   They may always be compact.